Problem solving 101, Part 2.

In early 1990’s Ford Motor Company introduced a standardized set of steps to be followed in solving problems by quality improvement teams within the company. These eight step process of problem solving is known as 8D (Eight disciplines). It is the basis for all subsequent problem solving technique developments such as 6D, 7D, 9D and 10d.
The 8D is a methodology for product and process improvement, with an emphasis on team synergy.
The 8 steps are
D1. Establish the Team. Assemble a cross-functional team that has the knowledge, time, authority and skill to solve the problem and implement corrective actions. And set the structure, goals, roles, procedures and relationships to establish an effective team.
D2. Describe the Problem. Define the problem in measurable terms. Specify the internal or external customer problem by describing it in specific, quantifiable terms: Who, What, When, Where, Why, How, How many.
D3. Implement Containment Actions. Define and implement those intermediate actions that will protect any customer from the problem until permanent corrective action is implemented. Verify the effectiveness of the containment actions with data.
D4. Identify and Verify Root Causes. Identify all potential causes that could explain why the problem occurred. Test each potential cause against the problem description and data.
D5. Choose and Verify Corrective Actions. Confirm that the selected corrective actions will resolve the problem for the customer and will not cause undesirable side effects.
D6. Implement and Validate Permanent Corrective Actions. Choose ongoing controls to ensure the root cause is eliminated.
D7. Prevent Recurrence. Identify and implement steps that need to be taken to prevent the same or a similar problem from occurring in the future:
D8. Congratulate the Team. Recognize the collective efforts of your team. Publicize your achievement. Share your knowledge and learning throughout the organization
Strengths
• Effective approach at finding a root cause, developing proper actions to eliminate root causes, and implementing the permanent corrective action.
Weakness
• 8D training can be time consuming and difficult to develop.
Usage
• Major non-conformances
• Customer complaints
• Reoccurring issues

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